What It Is
The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage in the knee that acts as a cushion between the thigh bone (femur) and the shinbone (tibia). Each knee has two menisci—one on the inside (medial) and one on the outside (lateral) of the knee. A torn meniscus is a common knee injury that can occur from twisting or rotating the knee, often during sports activities, or as a result of wear and tear over time.
Signs & Symptoms
- Pain in the knee, especially when twisting or rotating the joint
- Swelling or stiffness that develops gradually
- A catching or locking sensation in the knee
- Difficulty fully straightening the knee
- A feeling that the knee is giving way or unable to support weight
Diagnosis
Dr. Romanelli will perform a physical examination to assess knee movement and identify signs of a torn meniscus. During the exam, specific tests, such as the McMurray test, are used to check for pain and instability. Imaging tests like an MRI may be recommended to confirm the extent of the tear and evaluate the surrounding cartilage and ligaments.
Treatment
Treatment for a torn meniscus depends on the location and severity of the tear, as well as the patient’s activity level. Smaller tears on the outer edge of the meniscus, where there is a good blood supply, may heal on their own with conservative treatment. Larger or more complex tears, especially those in the inner portion of the meniscus, often require surgery.
Non-Surgical Treatment
Non-surgical treatment is typically recommended for minor tears or for patients who do not experience significant instability in the knee. Options include:
- Rest and Ice: Limiting activities that put stress on the knee and applying ice to reduce swelling and pain.
- Physical Therapy: Strengthening the muscles around the knee can improve stability and reduce strain on the meniscus.
- Bracing: A knee brace may be used to support the joint and limit movement while the tear heals.
Surgical Procedure
When the tear is more severe or does not respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be necessary. Dr. Romanelli may perform a Meniscectomy, where the damaged part of the meniscus is removed, or a Meniscus Repair, where the torn edges of the cartilage are sutured together. The decision on which surgery to perform depends on the size, location, and type of tear, as well as the patient’s overall knee health.
Physical Therapy
Rehabilitation following a meniscus tear, whether treated surgically or non-surgically, is essential for a successful recovery. Physical therapy focuses on restoring range of motion, reducing swelling, and strengthening the muscles around the knee to improve stability. Dr. Romanelli works closely with physical therapists to create a personalized rehabilitation program that helps patients regain full function and return to normal activities as quickly as possible.