What It Is
Tendonitis is the inflammation or irritation of the tendons, which are the thick, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones. In the knee, the most common form of tendonitis is patellar tendonitis, often referred to as “jumper’s knee,” which affects the tendon connecting the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). Tendonitis usually results from overuse or repetitive strain, especially in athletes involved in sports that require frequent jumping, running, or abrupt movements.
Signs & Symptoms
- Pain and tenderness along the affected tendon, usually just below the kneecap
- Swelling or warmth in the knee
- Stiffness in the knee, particularly after activity or when bending the joint
- Pain that worsens with movement, especially jumping, running, or climbing stairs
- Weakness in the knee, leading to difficulty with mobility or physical activity
Diagnosis
Dr. Romanelli will begin with a physical examination to assess the location and severity of the pain, as well as knee stability. He may also inquire about your activity level and any recent changes in exercise routines. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or an MRI, may be recommended to evaluate the condition of the tendon and rule out other potential causes of knee pain, such as a tear or fracture.
Treatment
The primary goal of treatment for tendonitis is to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and prevent further injury to the tendon. Most cases of tendonitis can be successfully treated with conservative, non-surgical methods.
Non-Surgical Treatment
- Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate the condition, such as jumping or running, can help reduce stress on the tendon and allow it to heal.
- Ice Therapy: Applying ice to the affected area can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
- Anti-inflammatory Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation.
- Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises targeted at the quadriceps and hamstring muscles can help improve flexibility and reduce strain on the tendon.
- Bracing or Taping: Knee braces or taping techniques may provide additional support and relieve pressure on the tendon during movement.
Surgical Procedure
Surgery is rarely needed for tendonitis, but in cases where the condition is severe or when conservative treatments fail to provide relief, surgery may be considered. Surgical options include:
- Tendon Repair: The surgeon may remove damaged tissue from the tendon and repair it, allowing the tendon to heal properly. In some cases, the tendon may be reattached to the kneecap if it has become detached.
- Debridement: This minimally invasive procedure involves removing inflamed or damaged tissue from the tendon to promote healing and reduce pain.
Physical Therapy
Rehabilitation through physical therapy is an essential part of recovery for tendonitis, both in non-surgical and post-surgical cases. Physical therapy focuses on improving flexibility, strengthening the muscles around the knee, and ensuring proper movement mechanics to prevent further injury. Dr. Romanelli works closely with physical therapists to design a customized recovery plan, allowing patients to regain strength and return to their normal activities as quickly and safely as possible.