What It Is
A knee fracture refers to a break in one of the bones that make up the knee joint, most commonly the patella (kneecap), but it can also involve the ends of the femur (thighbone) or tibia (shinbone). Knee fractures typically occur due to high-impact trauma, such as falls, car accidents, or sports injuries. These fractures can be painful and severely limit mobility, often requiring prompt medical attention.
Signs & Symptoms
- Severe pain in the knee, especially when trying to move or bear weight
- Swelling and bruising around the knee
- Inability to straighten or bend the knee
- Visible deformity or misalignment of the knee joint
- A feeling of instability or the knee “giving way”
- Tenderness when pressing on the knee
- Difficulty walking or standing
Diagnosis
Dr. Romanelli will begin with a physical examination to assess the knee for signs of fracture, such as tenderness, swelling, and limited movement. X-rays are typically used to determine the exact location and severity of the fracture. In more complex cases, a CT scan or MRI may be ordered to evaluate the surrounding soft tissues and ligaments, as well as to get a clearer picture of the fracture.
Treatment
Treatment for knee fractures depends on the type and severity of the break. The primary goal is to allow the bone to heal properly while restoring knee function and stability. Treatment options range from conservative methods to surgical intervention, depending on the extent of the fracture and the patient’s activity level.
Non-Surgical Treatment
For less severe fractures where the bones remain properly aligned (non-displaced fractures), non-surgical treatments can help the bone heal without the need for surgery. These options include:
- Immobilization: A cast or brace may be used to keep the knee stable and protect the bone as it heals. Crutches are often recommended to prevent weight-bearing on the affected leg.
- Pain Management: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications can help manage discomfort while the fracture heals.
- Rest and Ice: Resting the knee and applying ice can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain during the recovery period.
Surgical Procedure
Surgery is often required for more severe knee fractures, especially if the bones are displaced or if the joint is unstable. Surgical options include:
- Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): This procedure involves repositioning the fractured bones and securing them with metal plates, screws, or wires to ensure proper alignment and stability during healing.
- External Fixation: In some cases, a metal frame is attached to the outside of the knee with pins inserted into the bone to stabilize the joint while the fracture heals.
- Knee Replacement Surgery: In cases of severe joint damage, particularly in older patients or those with pre-existing arthritis, partial or total knee replacement surgery may be necessary to restore function.
Physical Therapy
Rehabilitation through physical therapy is a critical part of recovery following a knee fracture, whether treated surgically or non-surgically. Physical therapy focuses on restoring range of motion, strength, and flexibility to the knee. Dr. Romanelli works closely with physical therapists to create individualized rehabilitation plans, helping patients regain mobility and return to their daily activities as quickly and safely as possible.