What It Is
The Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, is the largest and strongest tendon in the body. An Achilles tendon rupture occurs when this tendon tears, usually due to a sudden increase in stress, such as during intense physical activity or sports that involve jumping, sprinting, or pivoting. This injury is common among athletes and can result in significant pain and difficulty walking or bearing weight.
Signs & Symptoms
- A sudden, sharp pain at the back of the ankle or calf, often described as a “popping” sensation
- Swelling and bruising near the heel
- Difficulty walking or standing on the toes of the affected leg
- A feeling of weakness or instability in the ankle
- A visible gap or indentation where the tendon has torn
Diagnosis
Dr. Romanelli will perform a physical examination to assess the severity of the injury. One common test is the Thompson test, where the calf is squeezed to check for movement in the foot. A lack of movement indicates a possible rupture. In some cases, imaging tests such as an ultrasound or MRI may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the tendon damage.
Treatment
Treatment options for an Achilles tendon rupture depend on the severity of the tear, the patient’s activity level, and their overall health. While non-surgical treatments can be effective for some patients, surgery is often recommended for active individuals or those with a complete rupture.
Non-Surgical Treatment
Non-surgical treatment may be appropriate for less active patients or partial tears. These treatments include:
- Immobilization: The ankle is placed in a cast, brace, or walking boot to allow the tendon to heal. The foot is usually positioned with the toes pointing downward to relieve tension on the tendon.
- Rest and Ice: Reducing activity and applying ice to the affected area can help reduce swelling and pain.
- Gradual Weight Bearing: As the tendon begins to heal, the patient may gradually progress to weight-bearing activities under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
Surgical Procedure
Surgery is often recommended for a complete rupture or for patients who want to return to high levels of activity. The procedure, known as Achilles Tendon Repair, involves reattaching the torn ends of the tendon. In some cases, tissue grafts from other parts of the body or from a donor may be used to strengthen the repair.
[Learn more about Achilles Tendon Repair here.]
Physical Therapy
Whether treated surgically or non-surgically, physical therapy is a critical part of the recovery process. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring strength, flexibility, and range of motion to the Achilles tendon. Dr. Romanelli works closely with physical therapists to create a personalized recovery plan, helping patients regain full mobility and return to their normal activities.